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Download Our World Book. Download Outlander Book. Download Pediatric Primary Care, 6e Book. These short video clips help illustrate such diverse subjects as mineral properties and the structure of ice sheets. SmartFigure Tutorial Videos present students with a 3- to 4-minute feature mini-lesson prepared and narrated by Professor Callan Bentley. Each lesson examines and explains the concepts illustrated by the figure.
With over SmartFigure Tutorials inside the text, students have a multitude of ways to enjoy art that teaches. Team names are no longer case sensitive Help your students develop critical thinking skills Monitor responses to find out where your students are struggling Rely on real-time data to adjust your teaching strategy Automatically group students for discussion, teamwork, and peer-to-peer learning Dynamic Study Modules help students study effectively on their own by continuously assessing their activity and performance in real time.
Here's how it works: students complete a set of questions with a unique answer format that also asks them to indicate their confidence level. Questions repeat until the student can answer them all correctly and confidently. Once completed, Dynamic Study Modules explain the concept using materials from the text.
These are available as graded assignments prior to class, and accessible on smartphones, tablets, and computers. Instructors can now remove questions from Dynamic Study Modules to better fit their course.
Scientific findings that provide validity to the implications of climate change are presented in clear-cut graphic elements, striking images, and understandable analogies. The 2nd Edition covers the latest climate change data and scientific consensus from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report and integrates mobile media links to online media.
The text is available in various eText formats, including an eText upgrade option from Mastering Geology courses. Seamlessly integrated videos and other rich media.
Accessible screen-reader ready. Configurable reading settings, including resizable type and night reading mode. Instructor and student note-taking, highlighting, bookmarking, and search. About the book Teach with an active learning path A four-part learning path facilitates active learning, allowing students to focus on important ideas and pause to assess their progress at frequent intervals: Focus on Concepts are numbered learning objectives that correspond to each major section of the chapter and identify the knowledge and skills that students should master by the end of the chapter.
This feature helps students prioritize key concepts. Concept Checks. Within each chapter, every major section concludes with Concept Checks that allow students to monitor their understanding of significant facts and ideas. Concepts in Review is an end-of-chapter feature that coordinates with Focus on Concepts. New authorship NEW! Linneman provided many thoughtful suggestions and ideas throughout the text and was responsible for revising Chapter Mass Movement on Slopes: The Work of Gravity.
Bentley is Professor of Geology at Northern Virginia Community College in Annandale, where he has been honored many times as an outstanding teacher.
The treatment of energy resources, including expanded discussion of emissions from coal combustion and changes in oil and gas production due to fracking. The vanishing wetlands section has been updated with the loss of wetlands from the Mississippi delta and coastal Louisiana. A new section has been added on the impact of prolonged drought on groundwater resources.
Superstorm Sandy is used as an example of a decision to change how coastal land is used in Staten Island. Rising CO2 Levels has been updated to include current data on tropical deforestation. NASA Altitude in kilometers km troposphere that practically all weather phenomena occur. Everest is about this altitude 6 one-third that at sea level. Tropical rain forests Tube worms are teeming with Deep-sea vent life and occur in the vicinity of the equator. Some life is found in extreme environments such as the absolute darkness of the deep ocean.
Photo by Fisheries and A. Tropical rain forests are characterized B. Biosphere their global extent, we can obtain clues to the dynamic processes that have shaped our planet. A first look at the Primitive life first The biosphere includes all life on Earth Figure 1.
The solid portion is a mixture ing ever since. A surprising variety of of weathered rock debris geosphere and organic mat- life-forms are also adapted to extreme environments. For www. The example, on the ocean floor, where pressures are extreme decomposed and disintegrated rock debris is the product and no light penetrates, there are places where vents spew of weathering processes that require air atmosphere and hot, mineral-rich fluids that support communities of exotic water hydrosphere.
Air and water also occupy the open life-forms. On land, some bacteria thrive in rocks as deep spaces between the solid particles. Anyone who studies Earth soon learns that our Moreover, air currents can carry microorganisms many planet is a dynamic body with many separate but inter- kilometers into the atmosphere.
But even when we con- acting parts, or spheres. Each is related in some way to the others, ment for the basics of life. Through that we call the Earth system.
Without life, the makeup and nature of the geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere would be very different. The geosphere extends from the and California, triggering destructive debris flows.
The 0. Much of our study of the solid impact on the plants and animals including humans that perature may increase by Earth focuses on the more accessible surface features. This endeavor, called Earth system science, aims to study Earth as a system composed of numerous interacting parts, or subsystems.
Rather than look through the limited lens of only one of the tradi- tional sciences—geology, atmospheric science, chemis- try, biology, and so on—Earth system science attempts to integrate the knowledge of several academic fields. Using an interdisciplinary approach, those engaged in Earth system science attempt to achieve the level of understanding necessary to comprehend and solve many of our global environmental problems.
A system is a group of interacting, or interdepen- dent, parts that form a complex whole. Most of us hear and use the term system frequently. A news report might inform us of an approaching weather system. Extraordinary rains triggered this debris flow popularly called a mudslide on March 22, , near Oso, The Earth System Washington. The mass of mud and debris blocked the North Download The Earth system has a nearly endless array of subsys- Fork of the Stillaguamish River and engulfed an area of about tems in which matter is recycled over and over.
One 2. Forty-three people familiar loop or subsystem is the hydrologic cycle. It rep- perished. Water vapor con- state from liquid, to gas vapor , to solid at the temperatures denses in the atmosphere to form clouds, which in turn and pressures occurring on Earth. It is Some of the rain that falls onto the land infiltrates soaks one of many subsystems that collectively make up the in and is taken up by plants or becomes groundwater, Earth system.
Viewed over long time spans, the rocks of the geo- H yd y d ro l ogic Cy cle sphere are constantly forming, changing, and re-forming. Condensation The loop that involves the processes by which one rock Precipitation cloud formation changes to another is called the rock cycle and will be rain or snow Water vapor emitted discussed at some length later in the chapter. The cycles by a volcano of the Earth system are not independent; to the contrary, Snowmelt Water storage as runoff snow and ice these cycles come in contact and interact in many places.
The parts of the Earth system are linked so that a Transpiration change in one part can produce changes in any or all of water vapor released by plants the other parts.
Groundwater The result could be a drop in air temperatures over the entire hemisphere. Helens, Download Washington, erupted in May inset photo , the area shown here was buried by a volcanic www. Now plants are reestablished, and new soil is forming. This causes internal processes that produce volcanoes, earthquakes, photo by U. Geological Survey the soil-forming processes to begin anew to transform and mountains.
The soil Humans are part of the Earth system, a system in that eventually forms will reflect the interactions among which the living and nonliving components are entwined many parts of the Earth system—the volcanic parent and interconnected. Therefore, our actions produce material, the climate, and the impact of biological activ- changes in all the other parts. When we burn gasoline ity.
Of course, there would also be significant changes in and coal, dispose of our wastes, and clear the land, we the biosphere. Some organisms and their habitats would cause other parts of the system to respond, often in be eliminated by the lava and ash, whereas new settings unforeseen ways. The potential climate change could also impact hydrologic system, the tectonic mountain-building sys- sensitive life-forms. Remember The Earth system is characterized by processes that these components and we humans are all part of the that vary on spatial scales from fractions of millimeters complex interacting whole we call the Earth system.
As Concept Checks 1. List and briefly describe the four spheres that Estimates indicate that despite significant separations in distance or time, many constitute the Earth system. Compare the height of the atmosphere to the lowering the North Amer- can influence the entire system. The Sun drives external processes that occur 3.
Weather and climate, ocean circulation, and erosional processes are driven by energy from the Sun. What is a system? List three examples. Heat 5. What are the two sources of energy for the Earth remaining from when our planet formed and heat that is system? As the universe continued Did You Know? The circumference of only the latest in a long line of events by which our planet to expand, subatomic particles condensed to form hydro- Earth is slightly more has attained its present form and structure.
It was in one of these 25, mi. It would take stood when viewed in the context of much earlier events galaxies, the Milky Way, that our solar system, including a jet plane traveling at in Earth history.
This section describes the most widely accepted views on bodies, revolve around the Sun. The orderly nature of the origin of our solar system. The theory described here our solar system helped scientists determine that Earth represents the most consistent set of ideas we have to and the other planets formed at essentially the same time explain what we know about our solar system today. As the rest of the disk cooled, tiny particles of metal, rock, and ice condensed within it.
Over tens of millions of years, these particles clumped into larger masses, which collided to form asteroid-sized bodies, which accreted to form planets. Those rocky Did You Know? Nuclear and metallic pieces that remained in orbit are called The Sun contains As more and more material was swept up by the the solar system.
The Nearly 5 billion years ago, something—perhaps a planets, the high-velocity impact of nebular debris caused circumference of the shock wave from an exploding star supernova —caused the temperatures of these bodies to rise.
Because of Sun is times that of this nebula to start collapsing in response to its own their relatively high temperatures and weak gravitational Earth. A jet plane travel- gravitation. The require nearly days disk. The cloud flattened into a disk for the same reason lightest of these, hydrogen and helium, were eventually to circle the Sun. The disk satellite systems, were also developing.
Because of low tem- spun faster as it shrank for the same reason ice skaters peratures far from the Sun, the material from which these spin faster when they draw their arms toward their bod- planets formed contained a high percentage of ices—water, ies. Astron- and metallic debris. The accumulation of ices accounts, in omers have observed many such disks around newborn part, for the large size and low density of the outer planets.
The two most massive planets, Jupiter and Saturn, had a The protosun and inner disk were heated by the surface gravity sufficient to attract and hold large quantities gravitational energy of infalling matter.
In the inner of even the lightest elements—hydrogen and helium. Spacecraft instruments showed that methane. The disk also contained appreciable amounts of temperature of our planet to increase steadily. During Lutetia is a primitive body the lighter gases hydrogen and helium. Image courtesy of marked the end of the period of contraction and thus the the planet. This process occurred rapidly on the scale of European Space Agency end of gravitational heating.
The decrease in tem- period of heating resulted in another process of chemi- perature caused those substances cal differentiation, whereby melting formed buoyant with high melting points to masses of molten rock that rose toward the surface, where condense into tiny particles that they solidified to produce a primitive crust.
These rocky began to coalesce join together. Repeated developing crust. By this process, a primitive atmosphere gradu- that have radiometric dates of about 4 billion years. In Did You Know? The light-year is a unit for ally evolved.
It is on this planet, with this atmosphere, addition, as you will see in subsequent chapters, Earth measuring distances to that life as we know it came into existence. Such distances are have continually changed shape and even location. Name and briefly outline the theory that describes use.
One light-year is the so we have no direct record of its makeup. List the inner planets and outer planets. Describe 1 Earth year—about 9.
Nevertheless, there is general agreement that the continental crust formed gradually over the past 4 3. Explain why density and buoyancy were important billion years. In addition to these compositionally distinct layers, Download between the crust and mantle represents a marked Earth is divided into layers based on physical properties.
The dominant rock type The physical properties used to define such zones include in the uppermost mantle is peridotite, which is richer in whether the layer is solid or liquid and how weak or the metals magnesium and iron than the minerals found strong it is. Important examples include the lithosphere, www. The upper mantle can be divided into three different parts.
The bottom part of the Did You Know? The oceanic crust is roughly 7 kilometers relatively cool, rigid outer shell see Figure 1. Averag- did we learn about the 4. The top portion of the asthenosphere from earthquakes. As tion, the continental crust consists of many rock types. The result is that the lithosphere is able to move indepen- are bent and reflected as Continental rocks have an average density of about dently of the asthenosphere, a fact we will consider in the they move through zones 2.
The rocks of the oceanic crust It is important to emphasize that the strength ties. Chapter 19, typically covered late in the course, presents a full synthesis of plate tectonics. By this time, students have learned the many aspects of physical geology and can appreciate the elegance of plate tectonics as a unifying paradigm" Copyright Office Catalog of Copyright Entries.
Essentials of Victimology is an engaging new textbook for anyone seeking to gain a fundamental understanding of the field. Renowned author Jan Yager provides an awareness of the evolution of the discipline of victimology, as well as an understanding of the early and current theories, and a discussion of key concepts.
The text includes practical, up-to-date chapters on victims and their interactions with the criminal justice system and on the medical and legal help available to victims.
In addition, the major violent, property, and white-collar or economic crimes are explored in separate chapters. Throughout the book, the author utilizes examples and in-depth profiles to emphasize the real-life impact of crime on its victims.
This well-structured text is designed with the student in mind, offering clear learning objectives, an overview of key terms and concepts, and effective end-of-chapter questions to reinforce the material. The following are a few examples. In Chapter 9, the text and figures for Section 9. In Chapter 11, the treatment of stress, strain, and rock deformation are substantially revised, as is the final section on isostatic balance.
In Chapter 12, the mechanism responsible for long-runout landslides is updated, with reference to the occurrence of such landslides on Mars, and the Nepal earthquake is used as a landslide-triggering event.
In Chapter 13, a section on the loss of wetlands in coastal Louisiana is added, and the treatment of flood control is updated and tightened. Many discussions, case studies, examples, and illustrations have been updated and revised. Through its many editions, an important strength of Essentials has always been clear, logically organized, and well-illustrated explanations. Now complementing and reinforcing this strength are a series of SmartFigures.
Simply by scanning the Quick Response QR code next to a SmartFigure with a mobile device, students can link to hundreds of unique and innovative digital learning opportunities that will increase their understanding of important ideas.
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