This was true even when considering data only from the Midwest and the Eastern Seaboard, where resistance in field populations has been reported as widespread. Furthermore, though insecticide resistance may be more easily recognized by those with the most years working in the field, the level of experience of respondents had no effect on this reported belief.
A related question asked respondents to list what they considered to be the biggest customer-oriented challenges to providing bed bug management services. Common themes reported by respondents included lack of preparation, clutter, lack of client cooperation, reintroductions, lack of education, misinformation usually from online resources , high costs, and language barriers Figure 2, below. One of the main goals of this survey was to determine what kinds of bed bug management services were most commonly offered in MUHs.
Based on a previous in-person survey conducted at the UC Riverside Urban Pest Management Conference, our work group hypothesized that most pest management services were reactive and performed in response to tenant complaints, perhaps due to the limited economic resources available to this customer base.
Similarly, we posited that services rendered were less likely to be proactive, with an emphasis on prevention, and informed by regular monitoring. It was unclear how often such offers were accepted as part of the service contract. As is often discussed within the industry, such inspections are quite time-consuming and labor intensive, but, provided a thorough and experienced inspector, can be accurate at detecting some infestations.
We also wondered what management tactics were predominately being used; did PMPs rely on insecticides, or were nonchemical methods used as well?
In order to describe the time and money spent to deliver a typical bed bug management service, we asked respondents to estimate the average number of effort-hours of employees used multiplied by time, in hours required for initial inspections and treatments in MUHs. According to our survey respondents, an initial inspection for bed bugs in a MUH requires less than one effort-hour 0. Respondents also reported making between two and three visits 2.
Education is a very important component of an IPM program. Clients and employees need to be able to identify pests early in an infestation and to avoid behaviors and practices likely to lead to pest infestations; this is especially true when considering bed bugs in MUHs. Every one of the PMPs responding to our survey reported using some kind of method to educate about bed bug biology and ecology, prevention, and management tactics to be used, though these educational efforts were far more likely to have been directed towards employees in the pest control company.
The educational component of bed bug IPM appears to be one on which the pest control industry may be able to improve. In brief summary, responding PMPs reported substantial use of many different bed bug detection and control methods, though visual inspections and insecticide applications were clear mainstays.
Regular monitoring programs and the use of several complementary control methods are primary components of urban IPM, advocated for strongly by members of our Work Group.
How can university researchers and the government help? Survey respondents were also asked open-ended questions about how the government and land-grant universities could help them to provide quality IPM services for bed bugs in low-income MUHs and about what kinds of specific resources would be most helpful.
Respondents provided a myriad of suggestions, with common themes such as continued applied research, insecticide efficacy studies, increased grant money and other funding opportunities, and development of educational materials, especially online resources. A federal appeals court on Friday temporarily blocked an Environmental Protection Agency regulation that would bring more waterways and wetlands under federal protection, in the latest sign the effort could face an uphill legal battle, WSJ reports.
Behaviors and Practices. She woke up itching. When she turned on her lights, she saw welts covering her arms and hands, lifted her pillow and found bedbugs crawling. In the lawsuit, Belle claimed that the Oxon Hill motel had previously found bedbugs in guest rooms and treated infestations. Click here to read the entire article.
The order, issued on a vote from the Cincinnati-based Sixth U. Circuit Court of Appeals, was a preliminary boost for a group of 18 states that challenged the EPA regulation. The rule seeks to bring smaller bodies of water at the outer edges of watersheds under the Clean Water Act and was issued jointly with the U.
Army Corps of Engineers. The proposed rule was first published in the Federal Register in April for public comment, which, after two extensions, closed in November The final rule will go into effect 60 days after the final rule is published.
In reality, though, two or three weeks from the initial treatment is typical for the elimination of moderate infestations. A bed bug showing up a month or two post-elimination is most likely a reintroduction.
Studies have shown that bed bugs are highly attracted to previous harborage. In fact, repellency studies have shown some products to have repellency in clean harborages, but not on harborages with previous activity.
In many cases, it is a bug brought home in the same manner that caused the original infestation. In multi-family dwellings, it may be bed bugs dispersing from a heavy infestation in an adjacent unit.
This only reinforces the necessity of inspecting adjacent units in conjunction with a treatment. Although preventing reintroductions cannot be guaranteed, helping people understand the common methods of reintroductions can go a long way in minimizing the chances. Depending on the circumstances, it can be difficult to explain this before pest management procedures begin.
You may need to overcome language or societal barriers to educate tenants about preventing reintroduction. Achieving the best results comes when these instructions are written as well as explained. The use of interceptors also can be a valuable tool for demonstrating elimination has occurred and for preventing a re-infestation.
Ellen Wagner. PMP Sponsor. Be on the lookout for eggs and droppings, because studies show bed bugs are attracted to areas where prior bed bug activity took place. Photo: Mark Sheperdigian, BCE Be on the lookout for eggs and cast skins, because studies show bed bugs are attracted to areas where prior bed bug activity took place. Category: Bed Bugs , featured.
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